Preventing Effects of Global Warming

Preventing Effects of Global WarmingRachel TomsettHow shag we as a species prevent the continued effects of global heating system and to what extent has permanent damage already occurred?Global warming, in whatso forever case known as temper deviate, describes the hike temperature of the atmosphere and ocean. Throughout only of earths tale climate has been a very fluctuate factor (for example the scrap age). However if you get down into account how often organisms on earth contrive evolved into their st open habitats and how each hotshot depends on their habitats to survive, fluctuations depart be much(prenominal) much woundful now, especially to humanity and the animals humanity relies on e.g. H nonpareilybees. The principal(prenominal) ca utilisation of global warming is thought to be the result of humanities actions, for example Co2 emissions (from cars and early(a) transport) interfering with the O-zone layer ca employ, Deforestation in rainforests (from wor kers creating space for kine grazing) and Farming ( numerous fertilizers contain nitrous oxide which is harmful to the O-zone layer, and sheep/cattle produce large tots of methane which is alike a harmful babys room chemical). In the century atmospheric temperature has risen 1- F and Oceanic temperature 0.18-F (1). Whereas this may non possess an immediate effect in the upcoming this allow cause extreme weather conditions such as droughts, wildfire and mussiness deluge/intense rainstorms. Although to an extent we dismiss already square up this source to happen, for example if we look into the statistics of how many acres of land per year atomic way out 18 finished by wildfire (see figure 1) we can clearly see an draw in the much(prenominal) young years as Co2 emissions and temperature overly increase( see fig. 2). This would make sense as dryer conditions make an easier/ fast path for fire to spread. However looking into the source of figure one we can see up c atchd statistics which indicate a drop in the fargon of wildfires after this graph was make, although this could be receivable to human intervention and delivery orders.As well as being a mass inconvenience oneself for humanity these effects could also be very damaging to another(prenominal) species on earth, this is why scientists ar foc apply on looking into/exploring ersatz methods to try and lessen the rate of climate change. If conditions were to change too much or too rapidly many species would not be able to survive or fit into this new climate and in congener we may see a mass bottle neck in species, or in the most extreme cases extinction. On the other mass we may see a germitative species flourish and grow in this new environment which may lead to a tip/ give away in an eco-system which would cause other species to suffer. Not to mention if climate change carries on at the rate its climbing earth may soon be inhospitable to humanity, our future generations.Alt hough scientists know global warming is irreversible there be still certain methods humanity can adapt to lessen the rate. For example scientists realise been looking into alternate nix to try and encourage much than throng to switch from fossil fuelled null to a more eco-friendly and renewable dexterity sources. 21.3 billion tons of carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide) argon produced by the burning of fossil fuels per year (2), which obviously contributes to the tautness of CO2 in the atmosphere and in turn further restoration the O-zone layer but these new energy sources use natural methods which ar easily replenished such as solar energy, go energy and hydro energy which do not produce any harmful emissions. This is obviously a capacious solution to lessen the rate of climate change if more people started using these methods of energy we could cut emissions down by the citizenry and slow the rate of Global warming a considerable amount. These solutions ar relevant in t he fact that they dont release greenhouse gases and harness natural force play without any mass destruction and harm to the environment and habitat almost it.However methods such as these are expensive and arent as cost effective as non-renewable sources, so stintingally it is not the best choice, especially for poorer countries. On the other present because non-renewable sources are coming close to running out (unless new sources/mines are found), the price for nonrenewable energy is beginning to climb higher(prenominal) and higher (due to less availability and more demand), which in turn (and partly due to advancing technology) basic renewable energy sources are becoming cheaper and more obtainable, for instance towns people may choose to have a certain number of solar bloodsheds on their roof due to the declining prices (see fig 4). In just one year the price for 16 solar panels to be installed has gone from 15000 to 7500 which is a 50% saving (see Fig. 3). However methods o n a larger scale, for example wind utmostms, (to generate a substantial amount of energy) would need anywhere between a dozen or hundreds (see fig. 5). Which obviously, again, would cost a great amount and not many countries could afford them tether to more economical problems especially since sometimes they come with instillation prices and taxes. genius environmental problem that would face the panels is in countries like the UK. The weather is passing variable and sunlight is at its most intense in pass when less energy is needed, say for heating because the weather is warmer and for excitation because the days are recollectiveer in spend. The ratio between summer and winter in wanders is unfavorable. However other countries like France and USA have a much more constant input. (3).A social/economic problem with solar panels is that if one would want to produce energy on a larger scale the panels would need to be in a very large place with access to sunlight. These are cal led Photovoltaic power stations (or solar farms). The placing also contributes to how much power these panels generate the tip of the location, the axis in which the panel is mounted on, hemisphere, ect. This of course will take up large amounts of field space that may have been previously used for farming (see fig 6) or recreation. In which case the farmer of company could see a loss in profit from the absent land (as farming cant be done nether these panels unlike wind farms) and the civilians could argue that the land is being wasted. As far as the panels effect on human life, past the implications, are next to none. However, other wildlife which may have resided in the open space onwards it became a solar farm will have had their habitat destroyed and would have had to migrate somewhere else, which would cause a disturbance to the wildlife. other implication of renewable energy is a social issue found around Wind farms, many people oppose having wind farms/ turbines around their homes/towns. Theresa Groth and Christine Vogt have done a study (4) in which they mailed a questionnaire to different town and counties to gather an root word of what the general opinion is on Wind turbines and their usefulness, many responded to the questionnaire by saying turbine placement near their habitation increased uncertainty and concern of them, next to no one rivet on the positive outcomes like clean energy/no emissions. Others train that the visual appearance of the turbines ruins the landscape. As for the actual risk to humans from these wind farms a report was published in 2007 by the U.S. National seek Council (5),it come to an endd that although low-frequency vibrations are not well understood in their intercourse/effect on humans, and that of course sensitivity to the vibrations varies greatly among people, wind turbines would not be a major concern/threat to people beyond a half-mile. Of course there are still people/scientists who disagree but furth er research need to be done on Humans and their sensitivity to low frequency vibrations/noise. And for the effect on other living organisms beside humans setting animals such as cattle and grounded wildlife (deer/badgers) do not seem to mind the turbines and carry on with grazing/search (see fig. 6). However, flying wildlife e.g. birds and bats seem to have a higher mortality rate rate around areas with wind turbines, presumably due to flying into the twist or spinning blades. However according to studies and surveys birds have the ability to regain the wind turbines and anyway more research shows wind turbines have not foreshortend bird populations so much so that there will be a noticeable effect (unbalance in the food orbit/eco system.).To get a further understanding of how the climate is changing scientists use a number of methods to obtain selective information they can evaluate and match for more answers. For example the US Global Change Research create by mental act ( USGCRP) publishes a National Climate Assessment which looks into how climate affects different regions of the US. It also observes the long/short term changes in climate and the ozone layer using satellites and monitoring icecaps melting and sea levels. It also aids scientists in predicting any future changes to the environment and if we are at risk of being compromising to natural disasters. For example by studying these satellites that collect all this data scientists can observe change in conditions such as the rising of waters upstream to a village in Bangladesh. The satellite will take pictures from space and use their altimeter to measure the distance between itself and the river erupt revealing the change in height of upstream locations and seeing as the data is nearly instant allows scientists to look at potential flooding risks downstream closer to the village ect. (6).This recent method of using innovational technology is much more reliable and quicker than using a grou nd based network, taking into account how the ground network doesnt extend as far upstream as the satellite and information isnt as instant as the satellite. An example of a ground based network is the Flash Flood Early Warning transcription which was introduced in 2013 to give warnings to locals close to an upcoming flash flood. However this function only provided a small amount of warning time (3 hours) which is a very small amount of time compared to that the satellite can provide. Although this is not a prevention method it is the best scientists can do without interfering with the local towns or river path. Which would have an effect on the locals and their crops as the water source would either be diverted or be behind flooding barriers.An alternative method to renewable energy and a disaster forecast is the reconstruction of forests. Trees are responsible for absorbing cytosine Dioxide and converting it to Oxygen which then is released back into the atmosphere. However, i n these past couple of decades disforestation has become a major industry and 12-15 million hectares of forest are lost each year(7).There are a number of reasons for this making space for cattle farming, harvesting timber for fuel and smuggled logging. This isnt just harmful for our atmosphere but carve up of animals are in danger or threatened because of their habitat being destroyed. So as an alternate method I think that scientists should look into claiming more forest as protected/private land and look into the replantation of forests where ever possible. Not to mention looking into cracking down on illegal activities in the forests (logging/hunting) and enforcing punishment. Although this may create a social implication, more so in tropical isolated regions, as some small villages guess certain animal skin to be medicine and use the wood for heat and fuel, also only surviving on cattle and crops in the spaces where trees used to grow. Perhaps another suggestion would be r oof go on gardens in cities, which will create space for plants to photosynthesise and exchange carbon dioxide for more oxygen. Although the building would have to approve planning permission and would take a certain amount of time to grow, and would need a lot of burster I think it would be an interesting method to try and reduce the carbon concentration in the atmosphere, interfering with the O-zone layer.Another alternate method that would greatly help with cutting humanities carbon emissions is if more people purchased and used electric cars. Electric cars do not produce tailpipe emissions and are much more eco-friendly, they have been introduced before but never in truth caught on as technology was lacking and there were limited charging places. correct now the battery life does not last as long as say a petrol fuelled car and the charging time takes so much longer than a simple refuel, but if scientists were to look into and taste more with the concept and perhaps have a charging station at every petrol station people might begin to adapt to the idea and in turn lessen their carbon emissions. Although battery powered cars are considerably more expensive than the usual petrol/ diesel ones, battery prices are beginning to decline, much like the solar panel prices. So maybe in the future it will catch on just as well as the panels.Bibliography1)http//ocean.nationalgeographic.com/ocean/critical-issues-sea-temperature-rise/ Sea Temperature Rise-National Geographic- undiagnosed author-Unknown date published- Date used 20/3/152) http//www.environmentlaw.org.uk/rte.asp?id=192 Human activities-Environment Law-Unknown author- Unknown date published- Date used 20/3/153) (Book) spell and The environment-Cambridge Social Biology Topics-Alan Cornwell-First published in 1983-date used 20/3/15Because this book is quite old I cant find much information or the book its self-there for Im beginning to question its reliability mainly for the fact its 32 years old and a lot of advancement has been made in the past thirty years and climate and attitudes have also changed. However after lots of searching I found that the author was Head of the Science Division at Bulmershe College of Higher Education in Reading, Berkshire. It was published by the Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge which leads me to believe that even though it is old it is accurate of its time and was effectual and maybe still is valid today, as the author clearly had scientific knowledge and access to studies and information. It has lots of picture evidence as sources to back up their points and is very in depth, including diagrams of cycles and chemical equations of relevant reactions. Whilst researching and validating a table they had used in the Air pollutant section (page 37) Deaths Due to Urban Smog I opinionated to research the numbers and dates to see if they were similar. flavour at figures it is clear to see they were rounded to the nearest thousand (Place L ondon) and again London had many more deaths than New York or Belgium, which supported the table in the book. Over all I can conclude that this is quite a reliable source.4) http//www. learningdirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148113004370 Rural wind farm development Social, environmental and economic features important to local residents-Science Direct-Theresa M. Grotha and Christine A. Vogtb- Date Published 23/9/13 Date used 20/3/155) http//books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11935page=158 Environmental Impacts of Wind-Energy Projects (2007) (4 Impacts of Wind-Energy nurture on Humans)-National academic press- Us Research Council-Date published 2007- Date used 20/3/15I believe this to be a very reliable sauce for my discussion. It is a legal history put together by scientists from the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the implant of Medicine and is sponsored by the Executive Office of the President. It is a thorough document recording ind ividuals research and findings. Each department is trussed to global warming in some way, the sciences exploring how climate is changing, engineering exploring slipway to combat the speed of climate change and professors of medicine dealing with those touched by climate change, eg. Pollution sickness and short term treatments. Looking into some of the individual members who participated I can clearly see a range of people from different states which shows that their findings arent exclusive to just one area and arent biased from one person but have a range of opinions and points to discuss . The purpose of this report is to give an idea of the impact wind turbines have on the surrounding environment, in great detail. In checking the facts of the paper I came across this fact In recent years, the growth of capacity to generate electricity from wind energy has been rapid, increase from almost none in 1980 to 11,603 megawatts (MW) in 2006 in the United States and about 60,000 MW in 2006 globally after a thorough search many other websites seemed to also have this data so I conclude that is a reliable source.6) http//www.globalchange.gov/news/preparing-for-floods-satellite-data-servir-bangladesh preparing for Floods with Satellite Data SERVIR in Bangladesh- globalchange.gov-Unknown author- 16/3/15 published- date used 20/3/157) http//wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/about_forests/deforestation/ Deforestation-WWF-Unknown author-Unknown date published-Date used 20/3/15