Inter Organizational Information Systems Information Technology Essay

disguise Organizational Information clays Information Technology EssayIn these decades, most of the disdaines rely on Information formations in separately e re t step forward ensembley aspect. As a bequeath of globalization not only all the countries but alike the companies in the world try to adjust with recent technology as well up as with the electronic strategys overmuch(prenominal) as learning system. Nowadays occupati unrivalleds like to outsource their troupe activities rather than bind with very(prenominal) industries. scarcely there is an out sourcing toll which has to be born when the labor movements of the follow are outsourced. There are so some(prenominal) advantages as well as so m any(prenominal) disadvantages asshole be seen like secret education chiffonier be spread all over the sedulousness by outsourcing of such systems such as salary systems, financial systems, HR systems, manufacturing systems in an system.There are so many teaching sys tems are found in companies as payroll systems, accounting systems like AC pacc packages, Accounting spread sheets, Oracle, SAGE and so on. They are providing a value added advantage to the credit line by minimizing manual of arms errors, frauds etc. But in outsourcing of manufacturing functions of an geological formation core-competencies, improving in convergenceion as well as the quality must be considered onward outsourcing.Inter organizational selective information system is an authoritative tool to carry-out organizational activities more than above mentioned information systems. These sorts of systems are supporting to enhance telecommunication technology among the caper units. It is a good sign for future markets. The swallow up-organizational systems are too built as result of e- stemma as well as globalization.Importance of the StudyThis kinds of system are very important in so many hands like, can share information as well as decision from influence pass to bot tom by using information systems. With the help of such systems organizations can address each and every kind of people not only the managerial people but as well in normal employees such as clerks, peons and so-on.Information system actually plays a capacious role in business world not only by providing information to the organization body but also by gathering facts, selective information, information from out -side which are recyclable to the fellowship. Exchanging sharing ideas among the business units is very helpful to survive in the business world, hence inter-organizational business acts major role to fulfill such circumstances.As an use, if in such order divided in to business units as manufacturing unit, gentle resource unit, finance unit and so-on, this inter organizational information system is very much essential to make co-ordination among these units and achieve specific goals in spite of appearance a minimum duration period. In present we can see so many ac counting information packages as mentioned earlier to build inter-organization relationship in the midst of accounting divisions of same organization. Most recently, businesses like to out-source their functions with out-side companies who provide out-sourcing facilities in such situations inter-organizational information system act as a connector of the main business as well as the out-sourcing units. This also can be apply to pick out the warlike advantages by visiting the threats and opportunities.Inter organization information system is one of the system tools which helps to make economical in business in red-brick world since most of the companies addicted to practice such systems more than earlier decades as a result of new technology.IOS dependencies and its significanceTodays world is well cognise for the technical information process system oriented world. Renewed organizations totally depend on the E-business (Electronic Business). E-Business proves a very good s ource for the advertising of product. E-Business is very good framework of inventions and innovations as well as improved skills of technology of a company. So there can be seen a strong relationship between IT and Inter-organization system. An industry has many branches like firms but each industry has its declare IT (Information Technology). Each company has a desire to spread its business in worldwide orbital cavity such as multinational company. So there can be seen a desire to make profit, attract consumers, offer facilities to its own clients. There is a trend of international trade as well as strong relationship between an industry and outside partners. When a companys will is on global, accordingly there will be major point of outsourcing. For the uprising of the industry and the whole firms of an industry tries to offer a high quality production to its customers, IT proves a major aspect for the advancement of the organization.When a company make a product so it has to spend a large time to see profits profit, improve quality, consumers, competitors, price, substitutes, quest, ply chemical chain, stock, as well as upcountry and external suppliers. For example when an organization produces a product the major points will be demand for the product, price of the product and status of competitors among the industry, when demand affixs for a product and so automatically output and input of the product increases according to supply and price. Substitutes are also involving for the production of the product. Demand is flexible, so production is also flexible. A product is always built to order (BTO). It requires order, demand, outsource, employed etc. There can be seen long term demand as well as short term demand such as the demand for warm c plowhes increases in winter not in summers but on the other hand patrol is all ways needed. When the price of the product will decrease then demand will be increased. The powerful policies permitted by law prove beneficial for the further development of the organization. Each organization concentrates on social, economic gibe as well as cultural, policies, suppliers and buyers teach it how to manage in society. Inter-organization system is related to with suppliers and buyers performance.Planning and decision making process is also related to supply chain management. Inter-organization is also related to market such as shareholders, stock, demand factor. To improve supply chain management there is a system of fast Response System (QRS) in this way an organization can improve its relationship with suppliers/buyers and between two parties. Supply chain management can improves itself by offer a high quality of product as well as good quality of raw material. A high quality of the product will have ability to provide satisfaction of its customer. The three well known aim of communication is micro, meso and macro. Micro related to individually, Meso related to group and big related t o broader aspect communication. Senior management makes decisions for organization to make product, to gain profit as well as investment.RESEACRCH CONTRIBUTIONI have analyse the higher direct of external co-operation shared towards advancement process efficiency where inter organizational systems allows firm to gain sourcing trust over their suppliers. Higher level of Information system may not be useful for gathering information from the market and compare with the different forthcoming options.Information system also provides the facts that the firm produces standardized and good facing cut throat competitors by process efficiency by working enhancement higher level of corporation. IOS allows the organization to achieve all the aim tar shorten process oriented suppliers and buyers. Mangers should be very mensurable to check the processes which are fulfilled by the employees on the small of IOS.It is controversial that using ISO and gives advantage for transactional needs. It can help organization in the use of electronic system to target market as well as valuable suppliers. Were as all the process can be achieved only when the electronic system is established through and through integrated system. Suggestions helps the managers to identify the different facts of inter organizational system and making a decision and slaying and the use of inter organizational systems in different sections, the findings done by various researchers in the field of knowing the mends in relation to the word sense of the impact of Inter organizational system. When needed to widen and the classification related to IOS concepts. Which also helps to include much wider scope in the enhancement latest website found processing data system and suppliers in co-operation or interrelationship with the management system. This will advance and increase the analyzing the various processes and facts of ISO and it will also need to have more spectacular internal and external perspective implementation. For example by analyzing done by stern and Saunders(1998) he found out that one process of EDI can chink or find out factors of different processes. Thus we can explore and determine the performance and functionality of impact on inter organizational system.Theoretical processes and its functionsINTER-ORGANISATIONAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS PROCESS INTERGRATION AND FUNCTIONS Direction of inter organizational information systems in the role of system to human and system to system in the process of effective system function for the various process carried on by the instructions from the calculating machine to computer and then to the process of the human understanding interface. This can be understood by the following Mainly there are 2 most important parts in an inter organizational information systems that determines the correct and effective functioning of the programmed automated information dispensation in field of system integrations are loosely classified int o 2 parts they are system to system and system to human incorporation.The system to system incorporation mainly causes the transformation of data between the inside of the information systems of the executing data for an organization is fully automatically done, there is no need for the human mind to be applied or not needed to input computerized functions to processes the information systems. It is designed to make the process outcome automatically with accurate results with in a less period of time. For example as the electronic data interchange carries out the main classical automated data to compile and execute the data for the user for the directed desired outcome of result by the various amounts of transactions done and carried out by the implementation of EDI. (Matthew K. McGowan, 1996)Now lets pass on to system to human incorporation. under this the data which is been transacted is semiautomatic by this term we come to know that the human intervention is included as well as the system process the data from one person through the inner information systems to and is send in a form of electronic system design layout to another(prenominal) person and then the receiving person collects the data and then processes it physically or by hand. Mainly this type of method is done in supply chain electronic incorporation where the mesh based technologies have provided this in order to avoid very expensive system to system functioning costs this is done by charge providing web gateway most commonly known as web portal. In order to gain fast functions to be carried on and less errors to be caused and more of accuracy in short period of time that would cause in best time management in information systems then the implementation of inter organizational information systems should be done. Jouni Kauremaa, mikko karkkainen, Timo Ala Risku , Helsinki University of technology, FinlandRESEARCH MOTIVATION Under this a broadly classified impacts were studied and vario us researches were conducted on the trance and impacts of inter-organizational information systems for miniature company suppliers. At the first earlier analyzing were only done in an organization or company depending on the observation of the company executives and mainly the data that was in process in operational stability and measurable performance data was not taken into consideration and was not smooth in order to know the impacts of inter organizational information systems. And at the second the studies on internet based electronic data interchange was difficult in order to carry out purchases and also processes like one technology and one function was applied and later on other internet technology like e mail and various websites caused a presence. What I feel is that the clear comparisons on the specialty of inter organizational information systems and the impact on SMEs is not there in various articles.Research planning and its appropriatenessInter Organizational Info rmation System contribute a lot towards their businesses and other organizations. Information used in organizations is for various functions like planning, controlling decision- making and organizing. The planning of information systems is done to support the activities of organizations information needs by recognizing the apt portfolio of applications that are computer based. Due to recent changes in the external business environment, Inter-organizations relationships have become an important part, which makes a need for organizations to interact, share information and technology, and even cooperate in a healthier way with each other. If theres a balanced approach between Business and IT, it is expected that business opportunities and ripe IT technologies are able to innovative essential plans. It can help the organizations to achieve their business goals.An organization needs to select a planning approach based on the management culture and business environment of the other organ ization. Its not an easy task to plan this system because of the stakeholders involvement, which means that organizations should be very careful in planning. There is also a possibility of using other organizations strategy, which is a negative impact. Success in the planning of Inter Organizations Information System has become difficult and a bit critical. It is been studied that a planning based on evolution and learning is more relevant and successful, builds a level of being adaptive and flexible in the process of coordinating and control activities. People in organization may differ in levels of IT skills and knowledge, it helps them to learn to understand and implement the challenges and acquires of the cooperating through an Information System. It is much difficult for an organization to cooperate in Inter-Organizational Information System if the Intra-Organizational infrastructure is still not maintained. The knowledge gained through this relates to building of Inter-organi zational information system and issues like effects in the technologies.The plan of using IOIS has increased as theres a modification in the process of business, so that the organizations can respond well towards their opportunities, trading partners and even the needs of the customers. Thus, by planning IT system has enabled an organization to bring changes in its activities. The system helps in creating competitive advantage and also improves the economic performance of each organization. It helps in managing better relations with buyer-suppliers. By the process of planning to use the information system, organizations become subordinate on each other and a mind-set of trust is increased among partners. For the development of cooperation between organizations, they need to assure that there is continuous flow of information between the cooperating partners.The main purpose of this system is to share data, information, business applications to make available the electronic transac tions about buying and selling of goods and services for the business partners. It has also been recognized as a key or major factor for the growth in their business. So, there should be proper planning before implementing it, the organizations needs to be very careful, as its useful and at times a harmful for the organization.Key findings and limitationsLIMITATIONS OF INTERNAL AND INTER ORGANIZATIONAL INFORMATION SYSTEMSIn this context we will a have wider look on the merits and demerits of internet based internal and inter-organizational Information system for an OrganizationAs in this cut-throat competitive world of business, organizations have set up internal and inter organizational information system to run their business in a more efficient way.To begin with, first of all, we will discuss the merits of IOIS. Firstly Internal IT gives a wonderful chance to employees to understand the business strategies in a broader way. IOIS is also long-familiar for its business name Electr onic Data Interchange (EDI), as it is an easier and comfortable way of interchanging data for organizations. Moreover Internal Information system helps employees up to a great extent to save their precious time, as they can collect data for their work sitting at one locate only and it can be very helpful for organization in terms of gaining more profit.Furthermore, Inter-organizational information system is a boon in field of business for all organizations, as it gives comfort to them to collect and interchange their data bandage communicating via internet only, by using this indispensable tool of IT, it gives golden opportunity to organizations to place electronic order for goods, confirming their collection time and share number of other documents instantly with their business partners world wid. In addition, reduction in cost of communication, labor and paper work are other inevitable benefits are given by IOIS.IOIS gives chance to firms to improve their relations with their bu siness partners and supply chain as well, as lots of problems and conflicts can be sorted out with far-away places trading partners with the introduction of this system and which gives a mutual benefit in business.In contrast, as each prospect involves pros and cons. So IOIS has few negative features as well. First grey area of IOIS is its additional expenditure to Value Added Network (VAN) reaches up to $5000-$7000 per month (Bartholomew 1997). Consequently, adoption of this system is not that much easy specially for small companies because of its expenditure, so it can be unaffordable to bear its cost for small denture organizations. As well as, for a successful Implementation of IOIS, a compatible hardware is must at both the ends, for instance, on one hand, one company is having a compatible set up for IOIS, however it is not the same with its trading partner on the other side, so it is obvious to arise difficulties while communicating and data interchange, so undoubtedly these hurdles due to poor hardware will affect the business financially as well as the relations personally in future.Moreover, one major drawback of this system is, as it is an internet designed system. So business strategies and policies, scheduling goods of various firms are available online such as financial reports and so on, So gathering and misusing data that is just childs play for a person who has full command on computer operations and that thing can be damaging for companies, as their secrecy can be leaked and misused by any other organization for their own benefits. Not surprisingly, IOIS is not reliable enough in terms of Security, as authentic informations and companys unwanted plans can be revealed and altered or adopted tardily by any other company, which can harm the company in a harsh way.ReferencesRobert B Johnston, Kai Reimers, Stefan Klein, bled Slovenia june 21 23,2004 The Shaping Of Inter-Organisational Information Systems Main construct Considerations Of An Int ernational Comparative Research Project http//www.wi.uni-muenster.de/wi/forschen/veroeff/Shaping_of_IOIS.pdfJouni Kauremaa, Mikko Karkkainen, Timo Ala Risku, Helsinki university of technology , http//legacy-tuta.hut.fi/logistics/publications/IOIS_SME.pdfStefan Klein, Stefan schellhammer, Kai reimers, Kai remer University of Munster, http//www.kai-reimers.net/Evolutionary%20Paths%20of%20Inter-organizational%20Information%20Systems.pdfDonatella Sciuto, bled Slovenia, June 6.8.2005 exploring the role of inter organizational information systems within SMEs aggregations, http//www.bledconference.org/proceedings.nsf/0/02d5f171ae4576e8c1257014004a2af8/$FILE/29Ravarini.pdfNicholas Berente, Ryan Baxter, event Western Reserve University, USA, supporting knowledge creating through inter-organizational information systems pragmatic collaboration between object worlds, http//www.bledconference.org/proceedings.nsf/0/02d5f171ae4576e8c1257014004a2af8/$FILE/29Ravarini.pdfAurelio Ravarini, Federico Pigni, Giacomo Buonanno,1Universit Carlo Cattaneo, Italy 2005, Exploring the Role of Inter-Organizational,Information Systems within SMEs Aggregationscapital of the United Kingdom School of Economics and Political Science Stakeholder identification in inter-organizational systemsgaining insights for drug use management systems Information Systems Department,Kenneth C.Laudon, Jane P.Laudon, Hardcover Edition, 2003. Management Information Systems,Deanna J. Richards, Braden R. Allenby and W. Dale Compton,National academy of Engineering ,2001, Information systems the EnvironmentSourcewww.ebrc.comAvailable http//www.ebrc.fi/kuvat/Makipaa_paper.pdfSource www.bledconference.orghttp//www.bledconference.org/proceedings.nsf/0/02d5f171ae4576e8c1257014004a2af8/$FILE/29Ravarini.pdf.khalid S.Soliman Hosfstra University (2000),http//www.wi.uni-muenster.de/wi/forschen/veroeff/Shaping_of_IOIS.pdfBrian D. Janz The University of Memphis (2000).Scala,S.and McGrath,R.,Advantages and disadvantages of E lectronic data interchange, Information Management,Vol.25,no.2 August 1995,PP.85-91.Lacovou,C.LBenbasat,I.and Dexter,A.S. quarterly,Vol.19.No.4,December 1995,PP.465-485 ,Electronic data Interchange and small organizations adoption and impact of technology ,MISKhawaja A. Saeed1,*,Manoj K. Malhotra,Varun Grover Article first published online 2 AUG 2005 DOI10.1111/j.1540-5414.2005.00077.x, Examining the Impact of Interorganizational Systems on Process Efficiency and Sourcing Leverage in Buyer-Supplier DyadsDonald r greer, Laura, Richard j. Adams leading and the dynamic of inter-organizational communication and development www.greerblackcompany.com/la1_2006_abstract.pdfAuther, chen, injazz, paulraj, antonym, lado Augustine, 2008, 2004 competency-antecedents-and-performance-outcomes-i-html,www.faqs.org/abstracts//inter-organizational-communication-as-a-relationalStanley e. Fawcett, Gregory magnan, Sergio g. lazzarini, Fabio r. chaddad , michall cook (2002) the rehetoric and reality of supply chain integration integrating supply chain and networking analysis the ingest of net irons www.ssrn.comzu zhi xing wei xue- john r schermerhorn 2004 perspectives on organizational communication terrence l garinlo, ebrary, inc-2005, the strategic use of stories in organizational Organizational behaviorCONCLUSIONBy this study we can examine to know that inter organizational information systems is the main factor for the connection of buyers and suppliers, to be in connectivity so that they can carry out all the transactions between them smoothly. We come to understand the concept and depth of inter organizational information systems in the merit to large and small enterprises, that information systems plays a main role in an organization for various processes and functions such as accounting, data transfer, emailing, recording data, secured transaction data and semi manual create data. This type of functioning helps the organization to do its work and transacting of detai ls to the computer and to the party with in a small period of time which makes the work of an organization even faster. Thus this even helps in building good relationship with buyers and sellers. This type of software is expensive most commonly termed as system to system. But various small companies or outlets need information systems so semi automatic, system to human interface is provided thus this software is not expensive also and is effective for such data transfer. The term information system means handling or providing information about a particular subject from one party to another party in the mutual understanding between them. System to system and system to human integration has helped the buyers and sellers to resolve the problem of expiration back the barriers of electronic business but it is only partly resolution only if total efficient benefits are the aim.RESEARCH LIMITATIONS 1. Research limitations on organizations whose business processes carried on by inter organ izational information system tasks are mainly outsourced.2. When needed the concepts relating to practical narrow area can be applied.3. The dependability and sustainability in IOIS is a bitter experience for various organizations due to its inflexible electronic intend.4.For doing various research on organizations researchers are not free to get important documents from the firms due to its secrecy, this documents could help researchers to find out a way around to provide solutions for various problems relating to IOIS impacts on SMEs.RECOMMENDATIONIn todays world of computer oriented functioning it is possible for information systems to get hacked by various hackers who do this to destroy ones organization and to steal money. I recommend that security measures should be taken by providing such strong software that can avoid unauthorized entry in the information systems of an organization.Inter organizational information systems effective functions depends on the management of the organization to implement effective procedures to resolve the errors caused in the information system and to keep an eye on the employee of the information technology division for their delay or miss input of data for transactions from system to system, that would cause in heavy loss to the organization.The study on comparisons between the intensity of inters organizational information systems and the brunt on small medium enterprises is not done or found in various books and articles. To determine the study on brunt on small medium enterprises should be taken into consideration.I recommend that small and medium sized enterprises should be taken into consideration because they have been departed from the co operated networks provided by inter organizational information systems.System to system integration is very expensive in comparison to system to human. In order to make all small, medium and large organizations to use this facility of software they should price the software in fluctuation comparison between both the data processing systems, depending to their customer needs and motives.REFERENCES University of Bedfordshire handbook, 2010-2011Group report-6, 12.12.2010 inter organizational information systems3. University of Bedfordshire BREOConclusionEach every aspect Inter-organizational information system is an essential system to any kind of organization since it has been providing facility to run the organization in a smooth manner. Not only technological industries but also manufacturing, production kind of businesses need information systems to faster their functions within the organization. Not like earlier decades, now all organizations carry their activities based on e-business, computerized systems informational systems as a result of globalization. In our selected study it explains about how the inter-organizational information system acts in such a business which out-sources their activities. In here it shows the connectivity with out-sourc ing divisions using information systems.If information systems is used by any kind of company, Organizational activities, business functions, customer relationships, industrial relationships can be maximized. It provides information which is relevant to decision making, build -up relationships among the organizational divisions within short time period since Electronic systems are faster than the manual systems. Last not least we can say Information systems plays a wide role within the inter organizations by providing relevant details within a short time period by minimizing manual and technical errors. So every organization must incline to practise such systems for development of their business tasks in a proper manner.Research LimitationsMainly focuses on the business whose tasks are out-sourced.Concepts applied to narrow area when concernedIt is not good for small scale companiesData relevant to decision making and other activities can be spread all over the sectors as well. It i s a disadvantage to the organization. This mainly happens due to the company out sources their activities with external partiesRecommendationsBefore practising of Information systems company should aware of the system and must know about the information which are generated from the system which is being used to decision making within the industry.Cost to benefit analysis must be needed when company hopes to rely on such electronic systemThis system should be in a method of exchanging information in divisional levels and industry level in a trust worthy manner.Also this kind of information systems should be updated according to time to time otherwise facts generation of such systems may be out-dated when taking decisions. Also decision taking based on out-dated information may leads to unlawful picture about the organization in the industry.Inter-organizational information system is an important element to carry-out organization activities in business world since all the activities based on electronic systems such as internet business and so on.All the employees in the industry should be given a proper training in how to use such electronic internet based system in a proper manner.These kinds of systems should have some features like time saving, faster, proving proper facts related to activities, etc.All the systems which are based on internet systems to be in user friendly, otherwise it will be a difficult task to feeding and gaining of information by the users.ReferencesKenneth C.Laudon, Jane P.Laudon, Hardcover Edition- 2003, Management Information SystemsDeanna J. Richards, Braden R. Allenby and W. Dale Compton,National Academy of Engineering-2001, Information systems the EnvironmentCONCLUSIONIn my opinion, IT (Information Technology) refers to E-Business (Electronic Business) as well as EDI (Electronic Data Interchange). But all these aspects are very good source to spread business in the world wide area as well as to achieve smart goals for business. T he new technology is well known the excellent result of inventions and innovations. Strong relationship between IT and IOS related to internal and external suppliers but it also depends on suppliers and buyers behavior. A high ability of management system of an organization spread it as a multinational company in the worldwide environment. But there can be seen two major aspect S2S (system to system) and S2H (system to human). S2S is an automatically (electronic) process and there is no need for the human mind. On the other hand, S2H is linked to internet as well as web portal because by the way of internet, data goes one person to another person. It is related to internet technology, e mails, and web-sites. The processes of business are based on IT and IOIS of the organization. Communication is also become a major aspect of busines

The Great Eastern Life Assurance Company Limited

The abundant east Life Assurance Comp any(prenominal) Limited undischarged easterly started to operate in 26 August 1908 as a branch sideal service of The broad easterly Life Assurance Company Limited. It has the distinction of being the oldest life insurance caller-up in Malaysia and capital of Singapore and it is owned subsidiary of Great Eastern Holdings Limited (GEH) and its p bent ac gild is Oversea-Chinese Banking Corporation Limited (OCBC). It was transferred to a locally incorporated public company, Great Eastern Life Assurance (Malaysia) Berhad. The Chief Executive Officer, CEO of Great Eastern is Mr. Koh Yaw Hui.Great Eastern was certified as the Oldest and Largest Life Insurer in Malaysia by the Malaysia Book of Records in 1998. It is the largest and most established insurance company in the country with 24 branch locatings nationwide and a strong assist clamswork of more than than 17,000 agents. These locations include Alor Setar, Batu Pahat, Bintulu, Ipoh, Kla ng, Melaka, Penang and so on. The main office located at Jalan Ampang, Kuala Lumpur. Besides that they in addition expand their business to China, Indonesia and Brunei. According to statistic, Great Eastern is the largest company and market leader in Malaysia and Singapore with the total assets of $45 billion and 3million insuranceholder.Among the 16 insurance companies in Malaysia, Great Eastern is the largest in landmark of assets and biggest in bourne of market share compare to some other competitor. The slogan of Great Eastern is Life is great and the mission of Great Eastern is to act upon life great by providing pecuniary security, and promoting acceptable health and meaningful relationships and their vision is to be the leading financial service provider in Asia.As a company dedicated to the people business, it always provides solution on financial planning, trade protection and savings to meet their clients take aways. Generations of individuals, families and bus inesses stir been and leave alone continue to be assured of their financial security with the companys full range of products such as life insurance plan, investment- standoffed plans, mortgage protection, business protection, employee benefits, medical insurance and group health benefit schemes. Great Eastern also offers full range of products to the potential customers whether individuals, families or organizations.Great Eastern offers flexible and affordable group health benefits and protection schemes to both the corporate and public sectors employees. Customers squeeze out purchase the products and services provided by the company match to their needs through the agents. Now a daylight, Great Eastern is on the track to becoming the leading financial service provider in Asia. Further, Great Eastern is ready to be the only choice of financial service provider in the region and beyond in accordance of integrity, initiative and involvement. Thus, Great Eastern has introduced a categorization of products to meet consumer needs. Those products may single out into several categories as life insurance, health protection, investment-link, retirement planning and saving plan.Great Eastern continues to forge ahead through the greater intention of proven leading-edge technologies to break their business accomplishes to create a unique customer service experience, and deliver greater think of to their clients. On their website, they offer e-Connect facilities to allow policyholders to obtain their policy information on-line. It exit burn the cost for searching the information.In companionship to smoothen the operation and better manage their enormous customer base, Great eastern has adopts many an(prenominal) Information technology (IT) and information brass (IS) from the market-leading insurer and sustain to transform the company operation. Different frame employ by different surgical incision such as top wariness, middle focus and running(a) counsel.Every discussion section leave alone economic consumptiond different information system according to the take to the woods and operations. The information systems adopted by Great Eastern are outsourcings also in-house development. It means that they purchase the relevant software and hardware from the market most of the sequence to save their cost and also develop the in-house software to realize the specific job and more easily to meet the business requirement. With the foster of current IT and IS, the company are able to perform their business effectively and consistency. Besides that it allow also turn uped in higher take of performance, reliability and scalability of company and it delivers greater value to their clients.Senior attention Team1. Loke Kah Meng Executive V. hot seat Head Customer Management2. Margaret Fong Senior V. President Head Operations3. downwind Pooi Hor Senior V. President Head Information Technology4. Michelle Tan Yee Ming Head, Gr oup Audit5. Koh Yaw Hui Chief Executive Officer6. Cheong Soo Ching Senior V. President Head Risk Management7. Nancy Lim Senior V. President Head Human Capital8. Chan Choong Tho Chief Investment Officer9. Yong Chee Keong Senior V. President Head Customer Acquisition10. Bruce Lee Executive V. President Head pay CorporateAffairs11. Sophia Chng Appointed Actuary12. Liza Hanim Vice President Company Secretaryb) search and analyze the current application of IT/IS Across different levels of management Across different functional unitsGreat Eastern is a company that we going to do research. Great Eastern is the largest insurance company in Malaysia and the business had run over 100 years with the hold ining from customers. There are over 3 million policyholders for the company. The company has used sophisticate system to run the business. Great Eastern using different information technology and information system to take over their business day-to-day and they used the information system to manage the company more effectively and efficiency. Basically the company used seer ERP system which is illusionist E- air Suite to manage whole attempt. The company consist of different segments such as pay and Accounting department, Human Resource department, Sales and Marketing department and Customer Relationship Management department. distributively department used different information systems for their operations but all the systems are linked to the illusionist E- Business Suite system. vaticinator E-Business Suite monetarys Human Resources Projects CRM SCMThere are many systems used by the company and the main information system used by the finance department is prophesier Financials (OFIN). The main user of this information system is all the personnel in finance department. vaticinator Financials (OFIN) is one of a group under the vaticinator E-Business Suite and it consists of five facultys or also comen as Oracle Applications. The five applications of the Oracle Financials are Oracle everyday volume, Oracle Payables, Oracle Receivables, Oracle pluss and Oracle Cash Management. Besides using Oracle Financials (OFIN), the company also use other communication system and office system to run their daily business. The communication systems used by the company are E-mail, MSN, and Skype. The communication software allowed the personnel and theatre director interact with each other and the office they are using is Microsoft Office 2007 such as Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel and Microsoft PowerPoint. The application of system and software will change when it come across different level of management.By using Oracle E-Business Suite, it helps Great Eastern to reduce the cost of automating centralizing global traffic processes and produced streamline account across its branch offices in Malaysia. The management said that the information maintenance cost of the company have been reduced by 35% after implemented the system. Oracl e provides new solutions that help financial institutions include Great Eastern to improve customer intimacy, build competitive advantage among competitor, reduce costs by automating and centralizing the doingal processes and mitigate enterprise risk and it continues to build its financial services leadership. Great Eastern use Oracle E-Business Suite Financials to support their business is because it can meets global financial traverseing such as International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) and tax requirements by using only one accounting, banking, tax and payments model. Besides that, it delivers pre-integrated financial and industry-specific processes and it move ins Great Eastern easy to operate shared services across their businesses and regions. As it provides very consistent operation and financial information to the user, it helps the company polish off the right(a) termination on investment and business decisions with integrated performance management and busines s intelligence.The management of Great Eastern had divided into three categories which are decision maker management, middle management and operational management. The executive management includes the highest management positions in the company such as CEO and CIO, who is primarily responsible for strategic decision reservation also get byn as unstructured decisions that centre on the companys overall goals. Every decision is important and non-routine. They will determine the long term objectives, resources and policies of the organization such the likes of where to invest, approve the capital budget and oversee the middle management.While the middle management of Great Eastern such as Finance Department manager is responsible for implementing the strategic decision such as develop a budgeting plan and investment proposal. They make semi-structured decisions which are short-range decision and will oversee operational management. The last layer in the enterprise are operational m anagement includes all the personnel who involved in daily transaction. They need to determine how to carry out the specific tasks set by executive and middle management decision makers. They need to monitor the transaction carefully and ought to follow the procedure. In this case, the staffs of the Great Eastern need to record the legal proceeding make by policyholders and make sure the info is correct.Oracle Applications is installed and link to the servers of a Great eastern. All the personnel from different levels of management in the company include CEO, department manager and normal employees will be given over a user name and the password to link to the server. Basically, they connect to the servers in their LAN by using their browsers. The user will receive a batting order to choose their responsibility before they proceed to receive another menu of functions to perform.The user may key in the entropy or what is happening at the company ground needs in a form in applica tions. In this situation the applications will not allowed to proceed further if there is any errors because the errors will be arrested at every step. The outputs will be a dozens of reports in a different format for Business Intelligence so that the users can make informed decisions based on well-timed(a) information and for decision makers they will understand better what is actually happening.The fives modules of Oracle Financials are Oracle ordinary volume, Oracle Assets, Oracle Payables, Oracle Receivables and Oracle Cash Management.Oracle Financials5 modulesFinancialsAssets (FA)General Ledger (GL)Receivables (AR)Payables (AP)Cash Management (CM)Oracle General Ledger effortG/LAccountingOracle General Ledger is the most scalable general ledger and the fastest in the market. It can post 40 million journal lines per hour and thus help the company cut down the time in preparing the financial report. It is the most important module which is used to manage the accounting and fina ncial information of Great Eastern. The Oracle General Ledger will tell the company that how much profit they have generate, how much expenses they have incurred, how much assets and liabilities of the company. All the information flows from different modules into Oracle General Ledger module which manages the accounting and helps the management to make decision.Oracle General Ledger provides highly automated financial processing and real time visibility to financial results. Besides, Oracle General Ledger also can support different types of journal processing options. The system allows tailoring the chart up to 30 segments and 25 characters per segment. The user just can enter the segments they would like to head then the system will show the results. Another feature of this system is the chart of account will be secured and prevent other people to advance and retrieve the private data. Besides, Oracle General Ledger also can support different types of journal processing options. The user can combine journals and entry the journals to be generated automatically and it provides spreadsheet integration for journals, reporting, budgets and bullion rates.Oracle AssetEnterpriseFAAssetsThe second module of Oracle Financials (OFIN) is Oracle Assets which is used to manage the assets of Great Eastern. The assets could be anything like laptop and computer in the company. With the help of Oracle Assets, the asset management would be automated and accounting tasks would be simplified. Standard accounting, operational, and registry reports are available to ease reconciliation and analysis. Oracle Assets allowed the user to define the disparagement rules according to the regulatory and business needs. The company can choose the method to according to the needs.Great Eastern is a global enterprise the company is focus on the business in South East Asia. Different country used different depreciation rules to enter the depreciation charges. As the company grows internat ionally, Great Eastern need an integrated, flexible system grows exponentially. In this situation, Oracle Assets supports complex reporting requirements includes worldwide financial and tax standards. Great Eastern can obey any regulatory requirements from other country by using flexible user-defined rules to calculate depreciation charge.Oracle PayablesEnterpriseVendorAPThe third module is Oracle Payables which is used to manage the vendors or the suppliers of the company. The transaction record or data need to enter by the operational level includes what has the company purchased from which vendor? When to pay the suppliers? Does the company pay on time? What methods they used for payment such as by credit or notes? All the transactions between the company and supplier will be record in the Oracle Payables. In the Payment Process Request window, it will show the details about the suppliers with the Great Eastern. It shows the cadence, the name of vendor, date of purchased and th e schedule of payments. The schedule of payments include the payment gold, derive remaining, discounts given, touch callable and also total amount payable.With the help of Oracle Payables, it will optimize the payment strategies of the enterprise. The middle management is given the tools to chasteness the hard currency flow, oversee the operational management to minimize the errors and the problems of overpayments. Besides that, the system also helps to eliminate the inefficiencies with the standard reports that allow the manager to eliminate the identical or three-fold payments. Another way is Oracle Payables provides real-time, accurate cash position and speculate information so the manager can plans the payment and expenses properly. So in overall, Oracle Payables can improves the margins, infuse corporate and fiscal discipline, and optimizes business relationships between Great Eastern and their suppliers.Oracle ReceivablesAREnterpriseCustomersThe fourth module of Oracle Financials is Oracle Receivables. Basically, the information for Oracle Receivables not much different compared to Oracle payables. The difference is this system is used to manage the customers or receivables so it will tell the company that the name of the customers, items bought from the customers such as what insurance policy purchased by the customers. Besides that it would state the payment methods used by the customers and the date of payment made by customers. By using this system, it will show the credit rating of the customers due to the pass payment made by them. All the transactions between Great Eastern and their customers will be recorded in this system.In the Oracle Receivables streamlines invoice entry, it shows the name of the customers, address, contact number, policy number, types of payment, amount of indemnity, due date, interest due if any and etc. Besides that, it allows the company to increase their cash flow and minimize the bad debt through Oracle Receivabl es system and better control for the manager. Oracle Receivables allows company to go globalization. With this system, Great Eastern has the tractability to respond to the global market needs, support any regulatory requirements and so present documents in customers language and also enhanced customer relationship. With the flexibility, it helps the enterprise to calculate the currency gain or loss automatically so the finance staffs they no need do the complex calculation by themselves and also able to report in eight-fold currencies.Oracle Cash ManagementCMEnterpriseBankThe last module of Oracle Financials is Oracle Cash Management. It helps the company to reconcile the bank statement and it will tells that whether bank has made error not, how many bank accounts the company have and also what is the status of the bank account. It allows Great Eastern to manage the firms liquidity and control of cash. Oracle Cash Management gives the company directs access to expected cash flows from their operational systems. By using the company can analyze enterprise wide cash requirements, cash management and currency exposures more quickly, to ensure liquidity and optimal use of cash resources. As it provides flexibility in cash visualizeing, in different currencies, different organization and for multiple time periods, the middle and older management can use the system to forecast the cash flow in future based on forecasted transactions for example outstanding orders and invoices that may be create a cash flow in future.Besides that, real time cash positioning will minimize the idle cash. Real time cash positioning is important to prevent overdrafts of bank balance and helps the company manage their liquidity effectively.c) Explain how the use of such IT/IS application can help to change or manage the organization decision making and business process.Information FlowPayables (AP)Assets (FA)General Ledger (GL)Cash Management (CM)Receivables (AR)Great Eastern Finance department had used Oracle E-Business Suite to automate their general ledger and accounts payable and receivable processing, cash management and as well as their fixed assets. Oracle E-business Suite able to help the company automate budgeting, purchasing and any forecasting process include future cash flow and thus allow for online payment to the supplier or vendor. Without the information system, they have to do all financial budgeting and forecasting job manually by using the Microsoft Excel spreadsheets and it will cause time consuming and the information produced may not be accurate and limited. Each module in the Oracle Financials will talk to each other means that information from one module will flow to each other although they are stand alone software. In this case, the management is easier to retrieve different information from different area.By using standardized software, it simplifies interdepartmental sharing of data as well as information and they are able to get all the information they want. Besides that, the information system will also help to manage the enterprise risk and reduce compliance costs. All the modules will link together and it will provide sufficient reliable information for the management of Finance department to make any short term or long term decisions. For example, the Oracle Financials modules are linked to each other, the Finance manager can refer to different modules at the same time to forecast future cash flow and to control the daily transaction more effective. The manager may use the software to make a right investment decision in the business.Great Eastern used Oracle E-Business Suite to improve their budgeting and planning. The Finance manager of Great Eastern enters department budget and submits for the senior management to approve. Using the Oracle Cash Management and Oracle Assets, the user can immediately prepare the financial budget and forecast report after approved.Oracle AssetsFor Oracle Assets, operationa l management which involves Finance staffs have to enter the trustworthy cost of the assets, the useful life of the assets, and the most important step is to choose the depreciation method which the company complied with in order to calculate the accurate depreciation amount for each year.By using the Oracle Assets, it gives the company and department more accurate visibility of capital investments and therefore the middle management like Finance manager will has better control over their capital investment. Once the Finance manager inquiries for the ad-hoc report, he may use the powerful Asset Inquiry to access the information he looking for, including transaction history of the clients, financial details, depreciation profile, capital project details and financial details. The senior management of Great Eastern able to optimize their accounting and tax strategies by projecting depreciation expenses with what-if depreciation analysis. With the assist of Oracle Assets, it drives be tter decision making and able to optimized business processes at lowest cost.Oracle Cash ManagementFor oracle Cash Management, the operational management will enter all the past(a) transaction data into Oracle Cash Management for example the cash inflow and cash outflow then the system will calculate the net cash flow. The middle management they only enter the duration they going to forecast for example 3 months from now, they also need to choose the forecast currency then the system will do the calculation and forecast the future cash flow of the company. The Finance manager can base on the forecasted result and decide how to allocate the cash and how much to invest in which area to maximize the revenue of company. The user can do their budgeting and forecasting without rely on the hard copy report, because all the data will easily and quickly turns up on time which will increase the accuracy of forecast. It will also make sure the accurate information of the companys assets betwe en Finance department and line of business will help the manager make better decision on budgeting. Without the assist of the system, it may take up to 2 weeks to make the report available to the manager.After preparing the budget and forecast report, it will helps the Finance manager to have an clearer picture on how to allocate the funds in different area of investments such as shares market, bond, unit trust or deposits. In addition, Oracle Cash Management can build a cash forecast based on forecasted transactions like outstanding order and invoices. With this, the user in Finance department can analysis the past transactions from the customers and suppliers such as receipt and past payments into future. Once the budget and forecast report was approved, the budget data will be upload into Oracle General Ledger for combination. After that the budget is ready to use by the Finance department. Besides that, the month-end report also can be created within a day allowed the faster res ponse to inquiry by the Finance manager.Oracle General LedgerFinance department staffs are using Oracle General Ledger and Oracle Cash Management to done their day-to-day business transaction include oversee the invoicing, budgeting and also company cash flow. The Oracle applications are integrated with each other, it makes the financial information more stable and reliable and stored in a single database. It gives the higher visibility to the manager into financial matters. Basically the manager will have confident in making any financial decisions because the data provided is accurate and is the latest one considered as up-to-date data.Operational management in Great Eastern Finance department used the Oracle General Ledger to enter the daily accounting transaction. The finance staffs just need to enter the correct data such as the premium amount expenses and amount claim from policyholders then the system will help them to perform the task. Since the system performs the task in a utomated way, it will minimize the error make by people and increase the efficiency. For middle management, they will oversee the operational level.Since Oracle General Ledger provides flexible chart of accounts and reporting structures, the finance department manager can based on the report and make the decision. Oracle General Ledger allows the middle management to have a complete control and flexibility to design their own chart of accounts. They need to retire the amount of insurance premium delay or accrue by the policyholders and send the notifications to monitoring device them to pay off. Furthermore, they can control the budget and expenses made by the department based on the accounting record. Oracle General Ledger also provides flexibility to the management level to response to their inquiry. The manager only enters the segment they want then the system will show the result to manager. From the result, the manager will know the balance of the account, the amount paid to the suppliers and received from customers.The senior management use Oracle General Ledger to check on the profitability revenue growing of the Great Eastern. The CEO of the company can use the system to check the balance each month because the system provides the feature of automated month-end close processing. It allows the senior management to optimize the use of resources they have such as, cash, assets and budget to generate more income for company in future.From the accounting record, Finance department will know the profitability revenue growth in the past it will help the company to make better decision in the future and fully hire the resources that the company has to generate higher revenue by referring to the accounting record produced by Oracle General Ledger. Oracle General Ledgers Financial Statement Generator (FSG) improves the precisely and timeliness of financial reporting. FSG supports many output options includes PDF, HTML, text and spreadsheet outputs. In additi on, the staffs are allowed to create quality reports by defining the report layouts using word processing application and leveraging formatting features like change the font size, colour and adding logo.Oracle ReceivablesOracle Receivables is a module which enables the Finance department to manage all the transaction made by the customers. The staffs have to enter the information of the customers like name, policy number, date, types of purchases and amount of purchases in order to reduce the error. Oracle Receivables will do calculation with data, determine the premium amount need to pay by the policyholders and calculate the interest due if the policyholders failed to pay the premium on time. The task will be automated so it will help to reduce the personal error and provide more accurate and timely data. Based on this system, the operational management will send the notification letter to the customers and tell the customers when they need to pay the premium. Basically the inform ation from this system will flow to Microsoft Office- Microsoft Word in preparing the notification for customers.In order to optimize customer relationships with the company and provide strategic information, Oracle Receivables allows the finance staffs to streamline invoicing and receipt. The data enter will be saved in the database and easy for user to retrieve data next time. In addition, it will let the management know the credit rating of the customers and so they will always focus on the loyal customers once they introduce new product. With the assist of Oracle Receivables, the middle management know who is unlikely to make payment on time and they will find out the solutions try to enhanced the relationship between the customers with enterprise and reducing the time and effort required to process customer payments thus resolve disputes.By using Oracle Receivables, the senior management of the company can provides variety of convenient payments to the customers to make paymen t like using credit card, debit card, check or cash. This will encourage timely payment and reduce their day sales outstanding (DSO).Oracle PayablesOracle Payables are deal with the transaction for suppliers. By using this system, it will tell the company when they should pay to the suppliers. Oracle Payables will show the amount, date and the name of person or organization that the company should pay on time in order to maintain a good credit rating and trustworthily form the creditor. With the help of Oracle Payables, it will optimize the payment strategies of the enterprise. The middle management is given the tools to control the cash flow, oversee the operational management to minimize the errors and the problems of overpayments.The management level can based on this system decide what types of payment they should pay first and what the payment method is. This system supports shared services functionality which promotes best practice for Great Eastern. Besides that, Oracle Payab les also provide full scale support for Great Eastern including remote currency transactions and also future date payment. So in overall, Oracle Payables can improves the margins, infuse corporate and fiscal discipline, and optimizes business relationships between Great Eastern and their suppliers.Office and communication systemFor Office Automation System (OAS), Great Eastern Finance department using Microsoft Office 2007 in perform their daily business. It is designed to increase the productivity of data workers in the office by supporting the coordinating and communicating activities of the typical office. The most common office tools used by the finance staffs are Microsoft Word and Microsoft Excel. The staffs are using Microsoft Word to prepare the report and letter or document required by the manager. Basically, the financial report of Oracle Financials will link to Microsoft Word and PDF directly so the staffs no need to prepare again the report by their own. The Finance sta ffs use Microsoft Excel to do some simple calculation such as the total premium amount paid by the customers, the monthly collection, interest payment and etc. Besides that, they also used Microsoft PowerPoint when there is a meeting of the department. The presenter will show the slides by using Microsoft PowerPoint to make it more interesting.Besides that, the company also uses communication software in order to communicate with each level of the department. The most common communication way is to use E-mail. Each staffs in the company from lowest to top management are given their own E-mail address for interior(a) use and external use. For the internal use, the colleague can send the document, notice or information through E-mail to a

The Nobel Prize and The Bluest Eye :: Bluest Eye Essays

The Nobel Prize and The Bluest Eye   Toni Morrisons Nobel prize acceptance speech has many interesting parallels between that and her legend The Bluest Eye. The speech opens up new ideas and interesting correlations between the address and the story. In this paper, I will document how parts of Morrisons speech uses situations in The Bluest Eye.   The first being that of the story to the highest degree the blind woman and the bird. Morrison says, Her answer can be taken to mean if it is dead, you have either found it that way or you have killed it. If it is alive, you can good-tempered kill it. Whether it is to say alive, it is your decision. Whatever the case, it is your responsibility. The characters in the novel are also responsible for their own actions, regardless if situations happen beyond their control. Meaning that the characters in the novel cannot lament their life because things got away from them. While there is incest and a subsequent pregnancy in volved, it is possible that the character is able to reach beyond the path designate for them and exceed anyones expectations. By talking about responsibility, Morrison is able to make people think about their lives and make them realize that it is possible to have things be better.   sexist language, racist language, theistic language all are typical of the policing languages of mastery, and cannot, do not permit new knowledge or encourage the mutual mass meeting of ideas. This quote by Morrison seems rather unusual, considering that she did incorporate some of these ideas into her work. It sounds as though in this quote that by using such characteristics in a work, it in some way loads it down with extraneous details. However, in Morrisons The Bluest Eye, it only enhances the reading and furthers the readers understanding of the time.   In accordance with the understanding of the reading and the enhancement of the words on the pages, Morrison fulfills the c artel of the following quote in The Bluest Eye The vitality of language lies in its ability to limn the actual, imagined and possible lives of its speakers, readers, writers.

Need for Control in Fitzgeralds Tender is the Night Essays

Need for Control in Tender is the Night Dick Divers love for his wife, Nicole, in F. Scott Fitzgeralds Tender is the Night, is ground purely on his need to assert control and act as veneration taker to her due to her illness. He assumes this role in order to feel g everywherening body for his own lack of achievement in his professional life. The only if true success he can be credited is Nicoles cure, achieved through his devotion and c be thus he continually tries to replicate this previous success in his relationships to other young girls. He looks to be a source of caring and stability just as he had been for Nicole, relying on him for caring and protection from her illness. The growth of Dick and Nicoles relationship is shown through letters written by Nicole. Although there are none of Dicks replies to refer to we see the change in Nicole from incoherent babble to normal correspondence. Dr. Gregory thus attributes the case to Dick as a success, When the change began, s lenderness prevented me from opening any more. Really it had become your case(136). Nicole comes to rely on his letters at the clinic and is apologetic when he doesnt write, fearing she has lost him But when Dicks answer was slow for any reason, there was a fluttering burst of worry-like a worry of a lover Perhaps I have bored you, and Afraid I have presumed(142). He is her connection outside of the clinic and she desperately needs that relationship and his approval. Nicole is repeatedly described through her smiling as young and innocent, She smiled, a moving childish smile that was like the lost youth of the world, and whenever he turned to her she was smiling a little, her face lighting up like an angels...(153). The love she feels for D... ...glish things the story of safe gardens ringed around by the sea was implicit in her bright voice...(248). In each of these he is looking for love outside of the control he once had over Nicole and in doing so is drawn to the young and impressionable girls he sees and assumes he can replicate his love with Nicole. The complete loss of control over Nicole and over her illness is the ultimate demise of Dick. She hated the beach, resented the places where she had played planet to Dicks sun. Why Im almost complete, Im practically standing alone, without him(321). Nicoles realization of her freedom leads her away from Dick, and his only success was in the end his greatest failure, the loss of love of his wife and his loss of the life he knew. Works Cited Fitzgerald, F. Scott. Tender is the Night. New York Charles Scribners Sons, 1961

Essay --

The War of 1812, which is also called the second state of war for independence is really important because this is where our freedom, self-reliance and democracy was earned. In this war, the great Britain and America tried to protect their land and fought for their country. Compared to the other wars like World War II, not many people died, plainly it certainly brought some changes and even the beginning of the new America. How did the war start? In 1803, Britain was involved in some situations with France. At this time, the Emperor of France was Napoleon Bonaparte. later on, Britain and France was in a war. American people traded their goods with France further Britain s big topped it. This became a problem for Americans because they had to stop in Britain first and do whatever the British generals demanded. The British treated Americans as if they were still under their control. After few months, they created new treaties, in which Americans could not trade with Eu rope, unless they were English ships. Other causes of the war were the impressments of the American sailors and the Britishs help for the Indians. Every year, British lost thousands of sailors. They thought that if they will lose the battles at sea, then they would definitely lose the war. Then, they started to impress American sailors to be in the British Royal navy. If any of the American sailors refused to do what the British said, then British army attacked their ships. Third reason was that the Indian warfare on the frontier. Indian people alliances from Alabama to Canada with the Britishs help. They gave the Indian people the supplies to fight against americans, so that America could not expand. In 1810, two war hawks named tail end C Calhoun and Henry Clay stood up for the wa... ...ough, women got paid less than men, they still received some status. Shipping goods was a huge problem before and during the war, but it was solved by the improvements in the transportation syste m. This system helped the goods to reach faster at its destination. There were more railroads, steam ships, which carried goods to other states, turnpikes, and canals which allowed everything to work at a much faster pace than it used to.Overall, the war of 1812 brought us freedom and liberty. The nation, for which all of the soldiers fought, was recognized as a great, free and independent land. This war helped Americans to realize that they can protect their country if they get threatened by foreign countries. Americans started to settle their western country. Shipbuilding and commerce flourished. The United States began to rise to the top position of a worlds power.

A Lesson before Dying by Ernest J. Gaines Essay -- A Lesson before Dyi

A Lesson before Dying, one of Ernest J. Gaines later works, was written in 1993. Some of his earlier works include A Gathering of Old hands and In My Fathers House. The novel covers a time period when blacks were still treated unfairly and looked down upon. Jefferson, a main character, has been wrongly impeach of a crime and awaits his execution in jail. concede, the storys main protagonist must go steady it within himself to help Jefferson see that he is a man, which will allow him to walk bravely to his fate that lies in the execution chair. A Lesson before Dying captures the tale of a young teacher, who by service another mistakenly finds his own soul. This paper explains the literary background of Gaines, facts about the novel, literary criticism, film reviews, social issues of the time, and a personal analysis of the cinema.The story begins with a trial of Jefferson being accused of murder. During the trial his lawyer calls him a hog that is not even worthy of the death p enalty. Ultimately Jefferson is sentenced to death by electrocution. During the weeks interest Miss Emma, who is Jeffersons nanan, wishes for Grant Wiggins, a young schoolteacher to speak with Jefferson and make him understand that he is a man. Although Grant refuses he is forced to go by Tante Lou, his aunt and a good friend of Miss Emmas. Upon their first few visits Jefferson is cold towards Grant and Miss Emma, obviously believing he is a hog, as the attorney has stated. He refuses food offered by his nanan, saying that food aint for hogs. After Frequent visits, Jefferson begins to open himself up to Grant and speak about his feelings. in one case Jefferson trusts Grant he is competent to realize that he is a man and not a worthless hog. Through helping Jefferson become a man, Grant has done his own unconscious soul searching which has helped him find who he is, and has found him a place with God. Ernest J. Gaines was an African American writer who was born on January 15, 1933 in Oscar, Louisiana. Although Gaines schooling was limited to a few classes, he attended at San Francisco State and Stanford University he was able to become a distinguished writer of his time. A few of his most recognized works include The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pitman and In My Fathers House. Gaines grew up on a farm where he helped his family by working in the fields where he was paid only $.50 a day. Whe... ...The turning point was when Jefferson opened up to Grant and he was able to convince him that he was not a hog, but a man. I also believe it was the most moving scene of the movie. All the emotions that were put into spoken language in the book came to keep in the movie. Overall I thought that the movie was a very good interpretation of the novel. It is very rare to find a movie that follows the book so precisely. I think that even if I had not read the book I would have understood the movie well enough to follow along and understand Gaines message. I thought it was very moving, especially being able to see the characters of the book come to life in the movie. In conclusion, Ernest J. Gaines presents to us, the reader, a story about mans ability to triumph over lifes obstacles when sometimes faced with jolting realities. For Grant, it was helping Jefferson to realize who he was, that gave him the strength to find himself. Sometimes the answers to lifes problems are not unendingly cut and dry. The solutions can not always be seen clearly, but it is important to never give up. It is in the worst times when we must look to ourselves and examine who we are in order to attain and carry on.

The Use of Language in A Fable for Tomorrow by Rachel Carson Essay exam

The Use of Language in A Fable for Tomorrow by Rachel CarsonThe extracts give the impression of stark contrast, evencontradictions, from the very beginning. The author chooses to use theword fable in the title, which, traditionally, is something fictionaland also usually refers to the past and nevertheless this is coupled withtomorrow. This indicates that the author is looking to show thereader that, although the situation she refers to in the secondextract may not be factual in its entirety, it may not be long beforeit is.Carson uses graphical descriptions to convey the idea of harmony andpeacefulness in the first paragraph white clouds of bill driftedabove the green fields. The author uses all of the senses to invitethe reader to picture the scene more vividly. Carson uses languagethat suggests she has seen the subject matter on some(prenominal) occasions andknows it well, she describes how the scene changes from spring toautumn oak and maple and birch set up a blaze of colour a nd then towinter dried weeds rising above the snow. Carsons detaileddescrip...